The Role of Employee Engagement, Leadership, and Work Discipline in Enhancing Employee Performance
https://doi.org/10.62157/ijbefs.v3i1.97
Keywords:
Employee engagement, Leadership, Work discipline, Employee performance, Organizational performanceAbstract
Employee performance is a crucial determinant of organizational effectiveness, particularly in public service institutions, where service quality depends heavily on employees' productivity and commitment. However, many organizations still face challenges maintaining high employee performance due to factors such as low employee engagement, ineffective leadership, and weak work discipline. This study aims to analyze the influence of employee engagement, leadership, and work discipline on employee performance. The research employed a quantitative, descriptive–explanatory design. The study was conducted at the Licin Community Health Center (PUSKESMAS) Licin in Banyuwangi, Indonesia, and involved all 51 employees as respondents, using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS version 23. The results indicate that employee engagement, leadership, and work discipline each have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Among the three variables, work discipline shows the strongest influence on employee performance, followed by leadership and employee engagement. These findings suggest that improving employee performance requires strengthening employee discipline, enhancing leadership effectiveness, and fostering greater employee engagement. Overall, the study highlights the importance of integrating organizational and behavioral factors to improve employee productivity and achieve sustainable organizational performance.
References
Aiyub, A., Yusuf, E., Bintan, R., Adnan, A., & Azhar, A. (2021). The effect of employee engagement on employee performance with organizational commitment as an intervening variable and perceived organizational support as a moderating variable at the Regional Secretariat of Bireuen District. Jurnal Visioner & Strategis, 10(2), 1–15.
Amrani, F., & Makruf Akbar, M. R. L. (2019). The effect of leadership on employee performance in the Mayor’s Office of South Jakarta. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development, 2(2), 280–285.
Astuti, D., & Suwandi, S. (2022). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap kinerja karyawan yang dimediasi kepuasan kerja. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 11(4), 615–623.
Bakara, L. S. (2015). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Hotel Travellers Suites Medan. Jurnal Ilman, 3(1), 9–15.
Basit, A., Sebastian, V., & Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of leadership style on employee performance: A case study of a private organization in Malaysia. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5(2), 112–130.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Delfi, R. (2017). Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan (Instalasi Pengolahan Air PDAM di Kota Samarinda). Psikoborneo, 5(2), 284–288.
Do Rêgo, E. B., Supartha, W. G., & Yasa, N. N. K. (2017). Pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi dan kinerja karyawan pada Direktorat Jenderal Administrasi dan Keuangan, Kementerian Estatal Timor Leste. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 6(11), 3731–3764.
Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Gede, I. K., & Piartini, P. S. (2018). Pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan yang dimoderasi oleh motivasi kerja pada BPR se-Kecamatan Sukawati Gianyar. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 7(4), 2337–2366. https://doi.org/10.24843/EEB.2018.v07.i04.p07
Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Handoyo, A. W. (2017). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Tirta Rejeki Dewata. Agora, 5(1).
Husain, B. A. (2018). Pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan (Pada PT Bank Danamon Tbk Cabang Bintaro). Jurnal Disrupsi Bisnis, 1(1), 1–15.
Iptian, R., Zamroni, Z., & Efendi, R. (2020). The effect of work discipline and compensation on employee performance. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(8), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i8.1812
Irawan, M. R. N. (2019). Pengaruh penerapan disiplin kerja dan komitmen kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada pabrik pengolahan kedelai di Desa Laren Lamongan. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen, 4(2), 987–999.
Jeffrey, I., & Soleman, M. (2017). The effect of work discipline, achievement motivation, and career path toward employee performance of the National Resilience Institute of the Republic of Indonesia. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 6(8), 106–113.
Kurbani, A. (2018). Pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Agro Massiv International Group. Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, 15(1), 16–25.
Li, J., Ebabu, E. A., Yu, H., Yuan, D. P., Ning, J., & Xuanyi, X. (2025). Leadership, environment, and engagement: Psychological pathways to enhanced personnel performance. Acta Psychologica, 261, 105963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105963
Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1–55.
Ly, B. (2024). Inclusive leadership and employee work engagement: The role of organizational commitment in Cambodian public organizations. Asia Pacific Management Review, 29(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.04.003
Purnama, M., Hidayat, A., & Angreni, T. (2021). Employee performance analysis influenced by leadership style, motivation, and work discipline. eCo-Fin, 3(3), 375–379.
Qalati, S. A., Zafar, Z., Fan, M., Limón, M. L. S., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2022). Employee performance under transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A mediated model. Heliyon, 8(11), e11374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11374
Salutondok, Y., & Soegoto, A. S. (2015). Pengaruh kepemimpinan, motivasi, kondisi kerja, dan disiplin terhadap kinerja pegawai di Kantor Sekretariat DPRD Kota Sorong. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 3(3), 2747–2756.
Saputri, R., & Andayani, N. R. (2018). Pengaruh kepemimpinan dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Departemen Production di PT Cladtek BI-Metal Manufacturing Batam. Journal of Applied Business Administration, 2(2), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.30871/jaba.v2i2.1109
Sucahyowati, H., & Hendrawan, A. (2020). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT MK Semarang. Jurnal Sains Teknologi Transportasi Maritim, 2(2), 9–15.
Sudarno, S., Safitri, H., Junaedi, A. T., Tanjung, A. R., & Hutahuruk, M. B. (2023). Effect of leadership style, work discipline, and competency on job satisfaction and performance of Dapodik operator employees in Bengkalis District. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Management and Accounting (Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 385–400).
Wicaksono, B. D., & Rahmawati, S. (2019). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap kinerja karyawan Direktorat Sistem Informasi dan Transformasi Digital Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi, 10(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v10i2.30141
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
